Análisis de los factores de resiliencia después de un desastre natural: caso de una muestra de chilenos que vivieron el terremoto y el tsunami de 2010
Resumen
Que se trate de una inundación, un huracán o un terremoto, las consecuencias de este tipo de desastres naturales son siempre devastadoras en la población y su impacto varía según factores individuales, contextuales y sociales. Los objetivos del presente artículo son describir el estado de salud general de los adultos afectados por el terremoto y tsunami de 2010 en la zona central de Chile e identificar los factores protectores que han facilitado una adaptación resiliente en las víctimas. Se emplea metodología de tipo mixta en 39 adultos víctimas del terremoto y tsunami. Los resultados revelan que factores de tipo individual —centrarse en sus preocupaciones, significación mágica atribuida al tiempo—, familiar —apoyo emocional, fortalecimiento entre la relación de pareja— y medioambiental — Iglesia y comunidad— fueron determinantes para que las victimas entrevistadas desarrollaran conductas resilientes. Lo anterior pese a presentar importantes problemas de salud a cuatro años de ocurrido el desastre. Estudios de género son necesarios para poder identificar las estrategias resilientes que ayuden a la familia a enfrentar de mejor forma estos desastres naturales.
Palabras clave: resiliencia, victimas, desastre natural, Chile.
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